transcript

Speaker 1:
[00:02] Lemonada.

Speaker 2:
[00:06] Amazon Health AI presents Painful Thoughts.

Speaker 3:
[00:11] Why did I search the Internet for answers to my cold sore problem? Now I'm stuck down a rabbit hole filled with images of alarmingly graphic sores in various stages of ooze. I can clear my search history, but I can never unsee that.

Speaker 2:
[00:28] Don't go down the rabbit hole. Amazon Health AI gets you the right care, fast. Health care just got less painful.

Speaker 4:
[00:38] Today's episode is sponsored by Great Wolf Lodge. At Great Wolf Lodge, there's adventure for the whole family. You and your pack can splash away in the indoor water park where it's always 84 degrees. There's a massive wave pool, a lazy river, and tons of water slides for your pack to enjoy together. And the fun doesn't stop there. Get ready to explore and play at Adventure Packed Attractions from Madgeye Quest, a live action game that takes place throughout the lodge to the Northern Lights Arcade. There's also a bunch of great dining options and complimentary daily events like nightly dance parties all under one roof. And the best part? With 22 lodges across the country, you're always only a short drive away from adventure. So bring your pack together at a lodge near you. Book your stay today at greatwolf.com and strengthen the pack.

Speaker 1:
[01:32] Brains On Universe. You're listening to Brains On, where we're serious about being curious.

Speaker 5:
[01:43] Thank you so much for auditioning for our new musical. We'll be in touch. Next!

Speaker 4:
[01:48] Next on the list to audition is, let me see, Buh-Buh. Um, it just says moon.

Speaker 6:
[01:55] Just says moon? I think you mean the moon, aka the world famous glowing orb who's also a triple threat. I sing, la, I dance, cha-cha-cha-cha-cha-cha-cha-cha, and I make the tides ebb and flow. I'd love to see Lin-Manuel Miranda do that.

Speaker 5:
[02:23] The moon? Hi, um, you realize we're casting for the musical Little Orphan Annie, right?

Speaker 6:
[02:30] I know. And you're so lucky I'm here. The moon will come out tomorrow. Bet your bottom dollar that tomorrow.

Speaker 5:
[02:41] It says here that you've been in movies?

Speaker 6:
[02:43] Oh, yeah, lots of them. Usually just in the background, but I did have a starring role in this really, really important film made by a little government agency called NASA. Maybe you've heard of them. They shot on location on me.

Speaker 5:
[03:00] Well, thanks for coming all this way to audition. This is great stuff, really. We'll be in touch.

Speaker 6:
[03:07] You mean it? Really? Finally, this is my big break. I can just feel it. Moon Baby, you're gonna be a star.

Speaker 5:
[03:18] Sure, exits right there. Next!

Speaker 4:
[03:26] You're listening to Brains On, part of the Brains On Universe. I'm Molly, and joining me today is Ira from San Jose, California. Hi, Ira.

Speaker 1:
[03:34] Hi, Molly.

Speaker 4:
[03:35] Today, we're answering a truly out of this world question from Caleb.

Speaker 1:
[03:40] Hi, my name is Caleb from Guadalajara, Massachusetts, and my question is, how do you build a house on the moon? What materials do you use?

Speaker 4:
[03:51] Ira, would you want to live on the moon if you could?

Speaker 1:
[03:55] Yeah, if I could breathe and I had the things I need, yeah, I would like to. The views would be really cool.

Speaker 4:
[04:00] The views would be cool. So, what would you want to make sure to take with you?

Speaker 1:
[04:05] My favorite book series, Keeper of the Lost Cities, my favorite stuffed animal, my family. I would hope some of my friends would join. A bunch of stuff so I don't get bored, food, water, and maybe some hair bands, and clips, and maybe a hairbrush.

Speaker 4:
[04:24] These are really good ideas. So, humans have been to the moon before. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the United States landed several crude spaceship on the lunar surface.

Speaker 1:
[04:36] The first person to ever set foot there was Neil Armstrong in 1969.

Speaker 4:
[04:42] These missions stopped in 1972 and no one has been back since.

Speaker 1:
[04:47] That was over 50 years ago.

Speaker 4:
[04:49] It's been so, so long. But right now, the US. Space Agency, NASA, along with more than 30 other countries, are working to get humans back to the moon sometime in the next few years. These would just be short visits, anywhere from 10 to 30 days.

Speaker 1:
[05:07] But the goal is to eventually build a base there, make homes even, so people can stay for longer.

Speaker 4:
[05:13] Maybe one day we'll even have moon hotels. What would that be like?

Speaker 7:
[05:19] Welcome to the Lunar Inn. It's morning on the moon. Or what we call morning. We have daylight on the moon for around two weeks straight in Earth time. Then it's totally dark for the next two weeks.

Speaker 8:
[05:38] Oh, I have to pee.

Speaker 7:
[05:41] Where's the potty? Right away you'll notice the gravity of the situation. And by that, we mean there's much less of it. You only weigh about a sixth of what you weigh on Earth. Which means walking...

Speaker 5:
[05:56] Aha! There's the toilet. Whoa!

Speaker 7:
[06:02] Oh, walking is a challenge. A normal step has enough power to send you flying. It's best to use a slow and gentle side shuffle. Okay.

Speaker 1:
[06:15] Shuffle, shuffle.

Speaker 7:
[06:17] Okay.

Speaker 5:
[06:20] Ah, finally.

Speaker 1:
[06:23] Ah!

Speaker 7:
[06:24] Wait, what was that noise? That's the sound of our moon toilet flushing. Since there's so little gravity here, Earth toilets won't work on the moon. Lunar toilets have to suck the waste away. Germs still work on the moon, though, don't forget to sanitize your hands.

Speaker 5:
[06:52] Wow, that's solid.

Speaker 7:
[06:55] It better be.

Speaker 5:
[07:06] Yikes.

Speaker 7:
[07:07] Speaking of toast, welcome to the cafeteria. Did you know the first ever meal eaten on the moon was bacon squares, peaches, sugar cookie cubes, juice, and coffee? Sounds tasty, right? Well, we've got even better fare now. Some of the salad was even grown here in our lunar greenhouses.

Speaker 1:
[07:32] Yum. Moon salad.

Speaker 7:
[07:34] And be sure to turn around, because right there is our extra large picture window.

Speaker 4:
[07:40] Huh?

Speaker 5:
[07:44] It's so beautiful. And up in the sky, is that Earth?

Speaker 3:
[07:50] Yes, it is.

Speaker 7:
[07:52] You'll notice that it's a crescent shape. Just like how people on Earth see the moon covered half in shadow at times, here on the moon, we see Earth in shadow too. What a view, huh?

Speaker 5:
[08:06] Wow, I have got to get a picture. Let me just walk a little closer and…

Speaker 7:
[08:11] Just remember the difference in… gravity. Can we get a mop in the dining room, please?

Speaker 5:
[08:19] Oof, still not used to that.

Speaker 2:
[08:22] Ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-brains on.

Speaker 4:
[08:25] Wow, sign me up. I can't wait to visit the moon.

Speaker 1:
[08:30] Before you book your room, Molly, let's talk about getting there. First, the moon is really far away, around 238,000 miles from Earth. It would take a spacecraft about three days to get there.

Speaker 4:
[08:45] Okay, no problem. I'll just bring a good book.

Speaker 1:
[08:48] Second, it's super expensive. It can cost over a million dollars to send just one kilogram of stuff to the moon.

Speaker 4:
[08:56] Wait, that's how much my hardcover book weighs. Second thought, skip the novel. Maybe I'll just look out the window.

Speaker 1:
[09:04] Well, don't forget the space you're traveling through is full of deadly radiation.

Speaker 4:
[09:09] All right. Space has something called cosmic radiation. It's made up of super tiny, super fast particles that come from our sun and from deeper in space. Space radiation can make you very sick if you're not protected from it. On Earth, we have an atmosphere that protects us. But in space, astronauts need special ships and spacesuits to help shield them from the radiation.

Speaker 1:
[09:34] It's not just radiation. There are also tiny pebbles in space. They're flying at super speeds and they can damage your ship. So you need really sturdy vehicles.

Speaker 4:
[09:45] Flying through a big, dark void of mega dangers? Okay, actually, looking out a window at that seems terrifying. So I'll just catch up on sleep, I guess.

Speaker 1:
[09:56] Once you land on the moon, there are more problems. The moon has no air, so you have to bring it with you. And there are spacesuit with oxygen tanks to breathe if you want to go outside.

Speaker 4:
[10:09] Not my preferred vacation attire, but okay, no need to pack Hawaiian shirts, I guess.

Speaker 1:
[10:15] Also, the moon is covered in toxic dust. It's really bad if you breathe it in. So you have to be careful. Don't let it get in your ship or building.

Speaker 4:
[10:24] Oh dear, toxic moon dust sounds really bad for my allergies. Is it too late to pack extra tissues?

Speaker 1:
[10:31] Plus, it gets super hot and super cold on the moon. Sometimes it's 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Other times it's 200 below zero.

Speaker 4:
[10:41] Oh, that is too many degrees below zero. I didn't know degrees could go that low.

Speaker 1:
[10:47] And the moon even has moonquakes. Some last for hours.

Speaker 4:
[10:52] Deadly dust? 400 degree temperature swings? Moonquakes? You know, I think I'm going to just do a staycation here on Earth. I hear it's nice this time of year. Today's episode is sponsored by Dell. Dell PCs with Intel inside are built for the moments you plan and the ones you don't. Therefore, those all night study sessions, the moment you're working from a cafe and realize every outlet's taken, the times you're deep in your flow and can't be interrupted by an auto update, that's why Dell builds tech that adapts to you. Built with long lasting battery, so you're not scrambling for an outlet, and built in intelligence that makes updates around your schedule not in the middle of it. Find technology built for the way you work at dell.com/dellpcs, built for you.

Speaker 2:
[11:50] Amazon Health AI presents Painful Thoughts.

Speaker 3:
[11:55] Why did I search the internet for answers to my cold sore problem? Now I'm stuck down a rabbit hole filled with images of alarmingly graphic sores in various stages of ooze. I can clear my search history, but I can never unsee that.

Speaker 2:
[12:13] Don't go down the rabbit hole. Amazon Health AI gets you the right care fast. Health care just got less painful.

Speaker 4:
[12:21] Even though I might not want to visit the moon, lots of people do.

Speaker 1:
[12:26] Yeah. Thrill seekers, astronomers, atmosphere haters.

Speaker 4:
[12:30] One reason NASA wants to build a base there is because it could help us explore other parts of space too. It would be much easier to send ships to Mars if they could stop at the moon first and pick up more supplies and fuel.

Speaker 1:
[12:43] We still have lots to figure out before that dream is a reality.

Speaker 4:
[12:46] But here's something we can figure out right now. It's the. Are you ready to hear the mystery sound, Ira?

Speaker 1:
[12:59] Yeah.

Speaker 4:
[13:00] All right, here it is. What do you think, Ira?

Speaker 1:
[13:19] It sounds like someone's eating something like a cracker. My first thought was a cracker, but it sounds too soft to be a cracker.

Speaker 4:
[13:27] So what else do you think it could be?

Speaker 1:
[13:29] I don't know. Maybe like a very, very hard chip or a hard cracker.

Speaker 4:
[13:34] Excellent.

Speaker 1:
[13:34] Or maybe someone like biting a lollipop and chewing a lollipop.

Speaker 4:
[13:38] Oh, yeah. That's not good for your teeth.

Speaker 1:
[13:40] Yeah.

Speaker 4:
[13:40] But maybe they were doing it. All right. Well, we're going to hear it again, get another chance to guess and hear the answer after the credits.

Speaker 1:
[13:47] So keep listening.

Speaker 4:
[13:50] We're working on an episode all about light bulbs. Light bulbs are often used in comics or cartoons to show when someone gets a bright idea. They might also shout something like, I've got it or Eureka. Like maybe the first person to think of dipping spicy chicken wings in cool soothing ranch dressing, they probably shouted Eureka, a perfect pair. So we want to hear from you. What word do you think we should shout when we have a light bulb moment? Record your answer and send it to us at brainson.org/contact. We'll play some of the answers on an upcoming episode. That's brainson.org/contact.

Speaker 8:
[14:31] Brains On Universe is a family of podcasts for kids and their adults. And since you're a fan of Brains On, we know you'll love the other shows in our universe. Come on, let's explore.

Speaker 6:
[14:47] So many podcasts. Brains On. Smash Boom Best. Forever Ago.

Speaker 1:
[14:56] Thicking Up Signal.

Speaker 7:
[14:59] Smash Boom Best.

Speaker 6:
[15:00] A debate show. What are they arguing about this time? Tomatoes vs. potatoes?

Speaker 9:
[15:10] I was just remembering in 1949, the Mr. Potato Head went into production, a pivotal toy in a lot of people's childhood. I was Googling right now, Mr. Tomato Head. The first thing that comes up is, did you mean Mr. Potato Head?

Speaker 4:
[15:28] Hilarious.

Speaker 6:
[15:30] LARP, signal down. Need Smash Boom Best?

Speaker 4:
[15:38] No.

Speaker 8:
[15:41] Search for Smash Boom Best wherever you get your podcasts.

Speaker 4:
[15:52] You're listening to Brains On. I'm Molly.

Speaker 1:
[15:54] And I'm Ira.

Speaker 4:
[15:55] Today, we're talking all about whether you could build a house on the moon. Turns out there are some pretty big challenges, like moon dust that irritates your lungs and super extreme temperatures.

Speaker 1:
[16:08] Not to mention that it's really expensive.

Speaker 4:
[16:11] But scientists at NASA are already hard at work trying to figure out the best way to build moon houses.

Speaker 1:
[16:18] And they hope to have their first houses built on the moon by 2040. That's less than 20 years away.

Speaker 6:
[16:24] What a relief.

Speaker 4:
[16:25] Did you hear something?

Speaker 1:
[16:27] I think it came from that open window.

Speaker 6:
[16:29] It's me. Hello, out here.

Speaker 4:
[16:33] What the what? It's the moon.

Speaker 6:
[16:36] Why is everyone always so surprised when they realize I can talk? I happen to have been voted most pleasing speaking voice at Moon High School. And also, most likely to end up on human Broadway. There's no business like show business.

Speaker 1:
[16:54] Makes sense to me.

Speaker 4:
[16:56] Definitely nothing weird here.

Speaker 6:
[16:58] Anywho, I just so happened to overhear you two talking about whether it would be possible for humans to build houses on me, the moon, and I couldn't help myself. I have lots of thoughts on this.

Speaker 1:
[17:10] What kind of thoughts?

Speaker 6:
[17:12] So glad you asked, Ira. Earth has been hogging all the humans for thousands of years. It's time they share a little. You know what I mean? I'm not playing second fiddle to Earth anymore. I'm ready to be the star, the moon that I was always meant to be.

Speaker 4:
[17:34] Sure. But we just talked about all the reasons why it's going to be hard to build houses on the moon, the sharp dust.

Speaker 6:
[17:43] The radiation, no air, the moonquakes, or maybe all the junk left behind on me by astronauts.

Speaker 1:
[17:56] Where's that music coming from?

Speaker 4:
[17:59] Shhh!

Speaker 6:
[18:00] This is my big moment!

Speaker 4:
[19:36] Wow, that was so lovely. I agree. First thing we need to do when we return to the moon is clean up a bit.

Speaker 1:
[19:43] It's a polite thing to do. Thank you.

Speaker 6:
[19:46] All that junk left behind, notwithstanding, I'm totally open to responsible construction on my surface. But there's some stuff you earthlings should know first. You should take notes. Are you taking notes?

Speaker 4:
[20:01] Yep, got my notebook right here.

Speaker 1:
[20:04] Molly, that's a brick of cheddar cheese.

Speaker 4:
[20:06] Oops, if this is my cheese, then what in the world did I put on my nachos earlier?

Speaker 6:
[20:12] Ahem. So, like I was saying, there are a couple things that every moon house needs to have. My human buddy Phil Plait knows all about this. He's an astronomer, and he says the most important thing is air.

Speaker 10:
[20:27] A house on the moon absolutely has to do one thing, and that's keep you alive. And that means you have to be able to breathe, and since there's no air on the moon, you can't have like a window you can open. No screen windows for getting a nice spring breeze blowing through. You can't do that. So it has to be airtight.

Speaker 1:
[20:46] Got it. Since there's no atmosphere or air on the moon, you have to be sure that all the air is sealed up tight inside your house.

Speaker 6:
[20:54] Right. You'll need a special airlock chamber, like what you'd see on TV or in the movies. It keeps the air from escaping when you go in and out of your house.

Speaker 4:
[21:04] And it keeps all that sharp moon dust from getting inside and making you sick.

Speaker 6:
[21:09] Oh yeah. You definitely don't want to be breathing my dust. It's like they always say on Human Broadway, no dust, no fuss, and that's a plus.

Speaker 1:
[21:22] Do they always say that?

Speaker 6:
[21:24] Well, if they don't, they should. The second thing your moon house needs, really, really, really good insulation.

Speaker 1:
[21:35] Oh yeah. Insulation is the fluffy stuff in walls that helps you stay warm in the winter and cool in the summer.

Speaker 4:
[21:41] And that's probably pretty important for protecting people from those big swings in temperature on the moon surface that we talked about earlier. But how do you do it?

Speaker 6:
[21:50] Easy. The rock and dust that covers my surface is great for insulating things. Just pile up, say, 6 to 10 feet of that stuff on top of your house, and you're good.

Speaker 1:
[22:01] A house under 6 to 10 feet of rock and dust? Isn't that kind of like living underground?

Speaker 6:
[22:07] It's exactly like living underground, Ira. And in fact, underground is a great place to be if you're on me, the moon. You're more protected from that dangerous space radiation you mentioned earlier.

Speaker 4:
[22:21] Makes sense.

Speaker 6:
[22:22] Plus, living underground protects you from all the comets and asteroids and tiny space rocks that slam into my moony surface. Remember, I don't have an atmosphere, so without that protective bubble of air, all that stuff just crashes right into me.

Speaker 1:
[22:38] On Earth, that atmosphere is like a special shield. When meteors and asteroids fly into it, they burn up.

Speaker 4:
[22:45] Yeah, that's because this stuff is falling really fast toward Earth. The air in front of it gets all squished together, and it gets super hot, which burns things up.

Speaker 6:
[22:55] And when you see a shooting star on Earth, it's actually a tiny piece of a meteor burning up as it flies through the atmosphere. Here's my human astronomer friend, Phil, again.

Speaker 10:
[23:08] The thing about meteors when you're outside and you're looking up in the night sky and you see a shooting star, right? That's a meteor, and that's caused by something that is typically smaller than a grain of sand. But it's moving really, really quickly, and so it burns up. It generates so much heat when it goes through our atmosphere, it burns up. Well, something like that hitting the moon, it's just going to go right down to the surface and kablam. So you really have to think about that. It's not big, but it has a lot of energy. So you really, it can really punch through stuff. So you have to protect yourself.

Speaker 1:
[23:40] Whoa, shooting stars smaller than a grain of sand? Awesome.

Speaker 4:
[23:45] But without a nice, cushy atmosphere, all of these tiny little pebbles could totally bust up our moon house. Could you just dig a big hole and put your house in it?

Speaker 6:
[23:55] You could. Or you could just use one of my beautiful craters and caves. Did you know that I, the moon, have hundreds of deep underground caves? Scientists think that some of them were created when lava flowed from ancient volcanoes and some of these caves even stay a pleasant 63 degrees all the time.

Speaker 1:
[24:17] Positively cozy.

Speaker 4:
[24:19] But what if we don't want to live underground? Asking for a friend.

Speaker 6:
[24:23] Oh, Molly. Molly, Molly, Molly Bloom.

Speaker 4:
[24:28] It's Bloom.

Speaker 6:
[24:29] Who said you had to live underground? Scientists are studying all different kinds of super tough building materials that could be used to make above ground houses on the moon, like mixing moon dust with water to make something that looks like concrete, or 3D printing houses. The sky's the limit.

Speaker 1:
[24:50] Yeah. Just imagine what our moon colony could look like one day.

Speaker 4:
[24:54] It have to have huge solar panels to capture energy from the sun and store it in batteries to power our houses.

Speaker 1:
[25:02] And greenhouses so you can grow your own fresh food.

Speaker 4:
[25:05] One day, people might even be able to harvest water from deep icy craters at the moon's poles, and then you could use that water to make rocket fuel.

Speaker 1:
[25:13] That means you could use the moon colony as a place to fuel up for longer space travel, like trips to Mars.

Speaker 4:
[25:19] Oh, oh, maybe someday people will have custom moon houses with giant thick windows so you could see Earth.

Speaker 1:
[25:26] And trampoline gyms. I bet you could jump so high thanks to the moon's super duper low gravity.

Speaker 6:
[25:32] Now you're talking. Next stop, moon trampoline parks, moon Olympics, moon Broadway. But could you guys hurry up and get here already? Cuz it's a hard knock life for me. It's a hard knock life for me.

Speaker 1:
[25:57] Scientists are working hard to figure out how to build houses on the moon.

Speaker 4:
[26:01] There are some big challenges, like toxic moon dust and space radiation.

Speaker 1:
[26:06] Plus, super extreme temperatures and even moonquakes.

Speaker 4:
[26:10] That means our moon houses will have to have great insulation and ways to hold all the air inside since the moon doesn't have an atmosphere.

Speaker 1:
[26:19] But someday, moon colonies could be a launch pad that lets us explore other parts of space, like Mars.

Speaker 4:
[26:26] That's it for this episode of Brains On.

Speaker 1:
[26:28] This episode was written by Sandin Toddin and Shayla Farzan. It was produced by Rosie DuPont. Our editor was Molly Bloom. Fact checking by Ruby Guthrie and Phil Plait.

Speaker 4:
[26:39] We had engineering help from Deegan Adams and Derek Ramirez with sound design by Rachel Breeze. Original theme music by Mark Sanchez. We had production help from the rest of the Brains On Universe team. Anna Goldfield, Nico Gonzalez-Whistler, Lauren Humpert, Joshua Ray, Charlotte Traver, Anna Weigel and Adron Woldesalassi. Beth Krollman is our executive producer and the executives in charge of 8PM Studios are Chandra Kavati and Joanne Griffith. Special thanks to Aparna Bharadwaj, Ayan Tundin, Arisha Singhi, Emma Acevedo and Michelle Brown.

Speaker 1:
[27:12] Brains On is a non-profit public radio program.

Speaker 4:
[27:15] There are lots of ways to support the show. Subscribe to Brains On Universe on YouTube where you can watch animated versions of some of your favorite episodes or head to brainson.org.

Speaker 1:
[27:24] While you're there, you can send us mystery sounds, drawings and questions.

Speaker 4:
[27:29] Okay, Ira, are you ready to hear the mystery sound again?

Speaker 1:
[27:32] Yeah.

Speaker 4:
[27:33] Wonderful, here it is. Okay, what do you think?

Speaker 1:
[27:52] It's definitely someone eating something. There's this like Indian cracker, it's called a matri, and it's like really crunchy. So I think it might be someone eating that.

Speaker 4:
[28:03] That sounds delicious. What does the cracker taste like?

Speaker 1:
[28:05] It's sort of like a normal cracker, except like it's a little like less salty, and it's like really crispy, and it's like brown, and it tastes really good as spices on top.

Speaker 4:
[28:17] Sounds so good. I hope that's the answer. Should we hear what the answer is?

Speaker 1:
[28:21] Yes.

Speaker 4:
[28:22] All right. Here it is.

Speaker 1:
[28:23] My name is Grimley, and I'm from Calgary. This is the sound of eating chips.

Speaker 4:
[28:30] Eating chips. You were right the first time. You got it.

Speaker 1:
[28:34] I thought it was too soft to eat chips.

Speaker 4:
[28:36] Too soft?

Speaker 1:
[28:36] Yeah.

Speaker 4:
[28:37] It wasn't quite crunchy enough?

Speaker 1:
[28:38] Chips would be like more crunchy-ish, but less hard sounding.

Speaker 4:
[28:47] Interesting. So you thought it was just not quite the right sound. Maybe these are chips that were a little stale, potentially. Oh yeah. We got to find out what kind of chips. I mean, there's so many different kinds of chips. There's banana chips.

Speaker 1:
[28:58] Maybe it was those pita chips.

Speaker 4:
[29:00] Pita chips. I think that's a good guess. Yeah. So there's so many different kinds of chips. We'll need to follow up and find out what kind of chip because now I'm hungry.

Speaker 1:
[29:07] Yeah.

Speaker 4:
[29:23] Now it's time for the Brains Honor Roll. These are the incredible kids who keep the show going with their questions, ideas, mystery sounds, drawings and high fives. John from Ann Arbor, Michigan, Julius from Bronx, New York, Ben from Venice, California, Carter from Half Moon Bay, California, Ella from Billions, Montana, Piper from Marietta, Georgia, Kohanur from Piedmont, California, May from Marlboro, New York, Nathan and Eden from Richmond, Virginia, Elise from Superior, Wisconsin, Bodie from Brisbane, Australia, Emily and Nora from Gaithersburg, Maryland, Ava from Charlotte, North Carolina, Hannah and Zoe from Perth, Australia, Nora from St. Francis, Wisconsin, Laura from Arlington, Texas, Serena from Colorado, Royce and Riley from Philomath, Oregon, Asti and Gaffin from Charlotte, North Carolina, Billy from Luxembourg, Eleanor from Berlin, Germany, Yunsa from Yongin, South Korea, Ben from Chesapeake, Virginia, Hadley from Kentfield, California, Jomo from New York City, Joey from Denton, Texas, Maddie from Los Angeles, Emerson from Vermont, Lennon from Calgary, Alberta, Reagan from Las Vegas, John and Catherine from Colorado Springs, Henry from West Harrison, New York, Violet from Columbia Falls, Montana, Amira and Nuru from Powder Springs, Georgia, Jack from Sugarland, Texas, Rahama from Grapevine, Texas, Victoria and Romina from Lompoc, California, Clara from Mallorca, Spain, Hope and Hartley from Bath, New York, Kalea from Medford, Oregon, Cadence from Seattle, Miles from Portland, Oregon, Silas from Los Angeles, Carter from Rock Springs, Georgia, Ferry from Qingdao, China, Vicky from Wuhan, China, Gabrielle and Elias from Norfolk, Virginia, Junie from Alexandria, Virginia, Emmy from Hanover, Minnesota, Ruby from Amsterdam, Javier from Louisville, Texas, Pearl from Columbia, Missouri, Sawyer from Cleveland, North Carolina, River from Durham, North Carolina, Lucas from Louisville, Texas, Bilal from Dandenong, Australia, Bo and Tay from Papamoa, New Zealand, Axel from Toronto, Rosa from Baoding, China, Reina from Delhi, India, Zade from Port Moody, British Columbia, AJ from Oakwood, Ohio, Ben from Bordentown, New Jersey, Kate from Chongqing, China, Prince from Hollis, Maine, and Isabella from Waukegan, Illinois. We'll be back next week with more answers to your questions.

Speaker 1:
[31:19] Thanks for listening.